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New tool accurately predicts risk of chronic disease

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<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 19px;">Cronic illness affects millions of people in the United States every year and accounts for a large proportion of the total number of deaths. New research proposes a clinical tool that can be used to accurately predict the risk of chronic disease.</span><br />
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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that approximately half of all U.S. adults experienced at least one chronic health condition in 2012. Some of the most common chronic conditions include heart disease, stroke, cancer, obesity, and diabetes.</div>
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The CDC also report that almost half of all deaths (48 percent) are attributable to two common and preventable chronic illnesses: heart disease and cancer.</div>
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Researchers from the Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute in Salt Lake City, UT, have designed a test that accurately measures the risk of chronic illness.</div>
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The risk score, called the Intermountain Chronic Disease Risk Score (ICHRON), is the result of routine blood tests combined with the age of the patients in primary care. According to the researchers, it can predict who will receive their first diagnosis of a chronic disease within 3 years of the test.</div>
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Some of the chronic illnesses this test accounts for include diabetes, kidney failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and dementia, as well as a range of cardiovascular diseases such as peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation, stroke, heart attack, and heart failure.</div>
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The study was led by Dr. Heidi May, Ph.D., a cardiovascular epidemiologist at the Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, and the findings were presented at the American College of Cardiology's 66th Annual Scientific Session in Washington, D.C.</div>
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ICHRON score accurately predicts chronic illness risk</h2>
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Dr. May and team investigated a population sample of male and female primary care patients who had no history of chronic disease. The researchers developed the score among this group, and tested it in another, separate, primary care group.</div>
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<span style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Overall, Dr. May and colleagues report that their test generates predictions that are 77 to 78 percent accurate.</span></div>
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Women who scored moderately on the ICHRON score were three times more likely to receive a chronic disease diagnosis compared with their low-score counterparts. Female patients with a high ICHRON score were 11 times more likely to develop, and be diagnosed with, a chronic disease.</div>
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Male patients with a high ICHRON score were 14 times more likely to be diagnosed with a chronic condition, compared with their lower-scoring peers. Additionally, those who scored moderately were 5.6 times more likely to receive a diagnosis of chronic illness.</div>
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New tool accurately predicts risk of chronic disease

Cronic illness affects millions of people in the United States every year and accounts for a large proportion of the total number of deaths...

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Drug Addiction

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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
<u>What is drug addiction?</u></h2>
Drug addiction is a chronic disease characterized by compulsive, or 
uncontrollable, drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences and 
changes in the brain, which can be long lasting. These changes in the 
brain can lead to the harmful behaviors seen in people who use drugs. 
Drug addiction is also a relapsing disease. Relapse is the return to 
drug use after an attempt to stop.<br />
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The path to drug addiction begins with the voluntary act of taking 
drugs. But over time, a person's ability to choose not to do so becomes 
compromised. Seeking and taking the drug becomes compulsive. This is 
mostly due to the effects of long-term drug exposure on brain function. 
Addiction affects parts of the brain involved in reward and motivation, 
learning and memory, and control over behavior.<br />
Addiction is a disease that affects both the brain and behavior.<br />
<h2>
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Can drug addiction be treated?</h2>
Yes, but it’s not simple. Because addiction is a chronic disease, 
people can’t simply stop using drugs for a few days and be cured. Most 
patients need long-term or repeated care to stop using completely and 
recover their lives.<br />
Addiction treatment must help the person do the following:<br />
<ul>
<li>stop using drugs</li>
<li>stay drug-free</li>
<li>be productive in the family, at work, and in society<div class="textbox green">
<h3>
Principles of Effective Treatment</h3>
Based on scientific research since the mid-1970s, the following key 
principles should form the basis of any effective treatment program:<br />
<ul>
<li>Addiction is a complex but treatable disease that affects brain function and behavior.</li>
<li>No single treatment is right for everyone.</li>
<li>People need to have quick access to treatment.</li>
<li>Effective treatment addresses all of the patient’s needs, not just his or her drug use.</li>
<li>Staying in treatment long enough is critical.</li>
<li>Counseling and other behavioral therapies are the most commonly used forms of treatment.</li>
<li>Medications are often an important part of treatment, especially when combined with behavioral therapies.</li>
<li>Treatment plans must be reviewed often and modified to fit the patient’s changing needs.</li>
<li>Treatment should address other possible mental disorders.</li>
<li>Medically assisted detoxification is only the first stage of treatment.</li>
<li>Treatment doesn't need to be voluntary to be effective.</li>
<li>Drug use during treatment must be monitored continuously.</li>
<li>Treatment programs should test patients for HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B 
and C, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases as well as teach them
 about steps they can take to reduce their risk of these illnesses.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2>
How is drug addiction treated?</h2>
Successful treatment has several steps:<br />

</li>
<li>detoxification (the process by which the body rids itself of a drug)</li>
<li>behavioral counseling</li>
<li>medication (for opioid, tobacco, or alcohol addiction)</li>
<li>evaluation and treatment for co-occurring mental health issues such as depression and anxiety</li>
<li>long-term follow-up to prevent relapse</li>
</ul>
A range of care with a tailored treatment program and follow-up 
options can be crucial to success. Treatment should include both medical
 and mental health services as needed. Follow-up care may include 
community- or family-based recovery support systems.<br />
<h2>
How are medications used in drug addiction treatment?</h2>
Medications can be used to manage withdrawal symptoms, prevent relapse, and treat co-occurring conditions.<br />
<b>Withdrawal.</b> Medications help suppress withdrawal 
symptoms during detoxification. Detoxification is not in itself 
"treatment," but only the first step in the process. Patients who do not
 receive any further treatment after detoxification usually resume their
 drug use. One study of treatment facilities found that medications were
 used in almost 80 percent of detoxifications (SAMHSA, 2014).<br />
<b>Relapse prevention.</b> Patients can use medications to 
help re-establish normal brain function and decrease cravings. 
Medications are available for treatment of opioid (heroin, prescription 
pain relievers), tobacco (nicotine), and alcohol addiction. Scientists 
are developing other medications to treat stimulant (cocaine, 
methamphetamine) and cannabis (marijuana) addiction. People who use more
 than one drug, which is very common, need treatment for all of the 
substances they use.<br />
see more- next time<br />
<ul>
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</ul>
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Drug Addiction

What is drug addiction? Drug addiction is a chronic disease characterized by compulsive, or uncontrollable, drug seeking and use despite...

+ Read more »